Arts & Humanities: Philosophy: “Question: What exactly does it take to be called a Doctor of Philosophy (Dr.), officially?” plus 5 more

Question: What exactly does it take to be called a Doctor of Philosophy (Dr.), officially?
Question: What is the difference between objective and..subjective?
Question: Post-human?
Question: Changing our focus through something like a gratitude journal or intentionally smiling can change our disposition and elevate our output?
Question: What do you call someone who has a conditional life? I.e. need to suffer a great deal first before given possible freedom or life?
Question: Is the universe conscious?

Question: What exactly does it take to be called a Doctor of Philosophy (Dr.), officially?

Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:44 AM PDT

To be a doctor of philosophy, you earn a doctoral degree in philosophy. It is commonly called a PhD.

There are no title police, so if you call yourself doctor when you subscribe to a magazine, nobody will stop you. However, if you apply for a job, the employer will check your educational history and discover that you don't had a doctoral degree. Such fraud is not looked upon kindly.

Most doctoral programs are in the range of four to seven years.

Question: What is the difference between objective and..subjective?

Posted: 18 Aug 2016 06:21 AM PDT

Objective fact is independantly verifiable information. Your name is .... , you live at ....... . It's what is widely accepted as reasonable and true.

Subjective belief is your expressed view. True from your point of view, but something which can be reasonably disputed. Donald Trump would make the best American President (????).

Not knowing how wrong we are is a purely subjective opinion without objective verification that we are indeed wrong. Although I suspect the proposition is correct that's just my opinion.

Question: Post-human?

Posted: 18 Aug 2016 04:43 AM PDT

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style="font-size:13px;color:#555;margin:9px 0 3px 0;font-family:Georgia,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-Serif;line-height:140%;font-size:13px;">  <span>Posted:</span> 18 Aug 2016 04:19 AM PDT</p>  <div style="margin:0;font-family:Georgia,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-Serif;line-height:140%;font-size:13px;color:#000000;"><div id="raqdiv">  <h2 class="Mb-20 Fz-18 Fw-300">Report Abuse</h2>    <h3 class="Mb-10 Mt-21 Fw-400" id="usertextq">Additional Details</h3>  <textarea aria-labelledby="usertextq" id="raqta" rows="3" class="W-100 M-0 P-0 Maw-605 Bdx-1 Bdrs-0"/><p class="Mb-21">If you believe your intellectual property has been infringed and would like to file a complaint, please see our <a target="_blank" href="http://redirect.viglink.com?key=11fe087258b6fc0532a5ccfc924805c0&u=http%3A%2F%2Finfo.yahoo.com%2Fcopyright%2Fus%2Fdetails.html%3Fpir%3Dwoxj.j1ibUnULFEIY6nyJQLxD.PLEphTPFivskb06cCK3lggdCqKTxtZqQ">Copyright/IP Policy</a></p>  <p><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="Cur-p Ol-n D-ib Px-13 Py-6 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style="margin-bottom:0;line-height:1.4em;">  <p style="margin:1em 0 3px 0;">  <a name="5" style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:18px;" href="https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160818014158AAqI5or">Question: What do you call someone who has a conditional life? I.e. need to suffer a great deal first before given possible freedom or life?</a>  </p>  <p style="font-size:13px;color:#555;margin:9px 0 3px 0;font-family:Georgia,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-Serif;line-height:140%;font-size:13px;">  <span>Posted:</span> 18 Aug 2016 01:41 AM PDT</p>  <div style="margin:0;font-family:Georgia,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-Serif;line-height:140%;font-size:13px;color:#000000;"><div id="raqdiv">  <h2 class="Mb-20 Fz-18 Fw-300">Report Abuse</h2>    <h3 class="Mb-10 Mt-21 Fw-400" id="usertextq">Additional Details</h3>  <textarea aria-labelledby="usertextq" id="raqta" rows="3" class="W-100 M-0 P-0 Maw-605 Bdx-1 Bdrs-0"/><p class="Mb-21">If you believe your intellectual property has been infringed and would like to file a complaint, please see our <a target="_blank" href="http://redirect.viglink.com?key=11fe087258b6fc0532a5ccfc924805c0&u=http%3A%2F%2Finfo.yahoo.com%2Fcopyright%2Fus%2Fdetails.html%3Fpir%3Dwoxj.j1ibUnULFEIY6nyJQLxD.PLEphTPFivskb06cCK3lggdCqKTxtZqQ">Copyright/IP Policy</a></p>  <p><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="Cur-p Ol-n D-ib Px-13 Py-6 btn-primary">Report Abuse</span></p>  <p><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="Cur-p Ol-n D-ib Px-13 Py-6 btn-default">Cancel</span></p>    </div><div id="raadiv">  <h2 class="Mb-20 Fz-18 Fw-300">Report Abuse</h2>    <h3 class="Mb-10 Mt-21 Fw-400" id="usertexta">Additional Details</h3>  <textarea aria-labelledby="usertexta" id="raata" rows="3" class="W-100 M-0 P-0 Maw-605 Bdx-1 Bdrs-0"/><p class="Mb-21">If you believe your intellectual property has been infringed and would like to file a complaint, please see our <a target="_blank" href="http://redirect.viglink.com?key=11fe087258b6fc0532a5ccfc924805c0&u=http%3A%2F%2Finfo.yahoo.com%2Fcopyright%2Fus%2Fdetails.html%3Fpir%3Dwoxj.j1ibUnULFEIY6nyJQLxD.PLEphTPFivskb06cCK3lggdCqKTxtZqQ">Copyright/IP Policy</a></p>  <p><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="Cur-p Ol-n D-ib Px-13 Py-6 btn-primary">Report Abuse</span></p>  <p><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="Cur-p Ol-n D-ib Px-13 Py-6 btn-default">Cancel</span></p>    </div><div id="racdiv">  <h2 class="Mb-20 Fz-18 Fw-300">Report Abuse</h2>    <h3 class="Mb-10 Mt-21 Fw-400" id="usertextc">Additional Details</h3>  <textarea aria-labelledby="usertextc" id="racta" rows="3" class="W-100 M-0 P-0 Maw-550 Bdx-1 Bdrs-0"/><p class="Mb-21">If you believe your intellectual property has been infringed and would like to file a complaint, please see our <a target="_blank" href="http://redirect.viglink.com?key=11fe087258b6fc0532a5ccfc924805c0&u=http%3A%2F%2Finfo.yahoo.com%2Fcopyright%2Fus%2Fdetails.html%3Fpir%3Dwoxj.j1ibUnULFEIY6nyJQLxD.PLEphTPFivskb06cCK3lggdCqKTxtZqQ">Copyright/IP Policy</a></p>  <p><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="Cur-p Ol-n D-ib Px-13 Py-6 btn-primary">Report Abuse</span></p>  <p><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="Cur-p Ol-n D-ib Px-13 Py-6 btn-default">Cancel</span></p>    </div><img src="http://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-89EKCgBk8MZdE.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1" /></div>  </td>  </tr>  <tr>  <td style="margin-bottom:0;line-height:1.4em;">  <p style="margin:1em 0 3px 0;">  <a name="6" style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:18px;" href="https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20160818010237AACUHpM">Question: Is the universe conscious?</a>  </p>  <p style="font-size:13px;color:#555;margin:9px 0 3px 0;font-family:Georgia,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-Serif;line-height:140%;font-size:13px;">  <span>Posted:</span> 18 Aug 2016 01:02 AM PDT</p>  <div style="margin:0;font-family:Georgia,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-Serif;line-height:140%;font-size:13px;color:#000000;"><div id="">When we fully digest that the mind is the activity of an evolved brain, it radically transforms our view of the mind's place in the universe - and our view of the universe itself. The physical universe ceases to be an unconscious object, observed and explored by conscious minds which somehow stand above or outside it. Conscious minds are part of the physical universe, as much as rocks and potato peelers. Our consciousness is not simply consciousness of the universe; our consciousness is a part of the universe, and thus the universe itself is partially conscious. When you contemplate the universe, part of the universe becomes conscious of itself.<p>Similarly, our knowledge of the universe is not something separate from the universe; it is a part of the universe. Thus, for humans to know the universe is for the universe to know itself. As Carl Sagan put it, 'humans are the stuff of the cosmos examining itself'. 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